Ozone 5 advanced11/1/2023 The results of the process were summarized in a report in March 2019 and give for the first time a framework for advanced wastewater treatment at the federal level. In Germany, handling of OMP is still very different among the federal states and but was taken up as part of the national federal stakeholder process. However, legal regulations are actually implemented only in Switzerland, other countries shy away from compelling measures. In Europe several countries are taking activities in treating OMP at WWTPs like Denmark, Finland, France, Sweden, Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are presenting one of the main pathways of OMP into the environment and surface water. The topic of OMP is one of the top priorities on the international agenda in water management for several years. It has been shown that despite partially unfavorable boundary conditions concerning renewable surplus energy in the grid, implementing electrolysis operated with regenerative energy in combination with micropollutant removal using ozonation and activated carbon filter is a reasonable and sustainable option for both, the climate and water protection. The feasibility of such a concept was examined for the WWTP in Mainz (Germany). Hydrogen is fed into the local gas grid and oxygen used for micropollutant removal via upgrading it to ozone. The concept is based on the operation of an electrolyzer, driven by local power production on the plant (photovoltaic (PV), combined heat and power plant (CHP)-units) as well as renewable energy from the grid (to offer system service: automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR)), to produce hydrogen and oxygen. In this feasibility study a concept is presented, reacting to energy surplus and deficits from the energy grid and thus providing the needed long-term storage in combination with the elimination of OMP in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Additionally, from a water management perspective, the elimination of organic micropollutants (OMP) is increasingly important. Water management is already involved in this field with biogas production and power generation and partly with using flexibility options. Innovative concepts in the fields of short-term flexibility, long-term energy storage and energy conversion are required to defossilize all sectors by 2040. To achieve the Paris climate protection goals there is an urgent need for action in the energy sector.
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